The International Journal of Animal and Wildlife Research (IJAWR) considers originality and proper attribution essential to responsible scholarly publishing. Authors are expected to ensure that submitted manuscripts are original and that words, ideas, data, figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, and other material obtained from external sources are appropriately acknowledged.

Originality and Proper Attribution

Manuscripts submitted to IJAWR should not present material originating from another source as the author's own. Authors must provide appropriate citations and acknowledgments for material used from published or publicly available sources.

Plagiarism may include, but is not limited to:

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all sources are properly acknowledged and that the manuscript does not contain unattributed or misleadingly presented material.

Similarity Screening

IJAWR may screen submitted manuscripts using appropriate similarity-detection or plagiarism-screening tools as part of the editorial assessment process.

A similarity result does not by itself establish plagiarism. Identified matches may arise from legitimate quotations, references, commonly used scientific terminology, standard research methods, species descriptions, or other acceptable sources. The editorial team may consider the nature, extent, context, and source of identified similarities before determining whether further action is appropriate.

Duplicate and Redundant Publication

Authors must not submit the same or substantially similar manuscript simultaneously to multiple journals.

Previously published work or substantial portions of previously published material must be appropriately disclosed and cited. Authors should avoid redundant publication or text recycling that could create a misleading impression of new or original research.

Preprints and Previously Shared Material

Prior posting of a manuscript as a preprint does not automatically constitute plagiarism. Authors should disclose relevant preprint information during submission and appropriately identify and cite the preprint where applicable.

Authors remain responsible for ensuring that submitted manuscripts meet IJAWR requirements concerning originality, attribution, copyright, and publication history.

Third-Party Material

Authors are responsible for obtaining appropriate permission where required for the use or reproduction of copyrighted figures, tables, photographs, maps, illustrations, substantial text, or other third-party material.

Wildlife photographs, camera-trap images, species-distribution maps, ecological datasets, and other research materials must be properly attributed, and applicable licensing or permission requirements must be followed. Authors should also ensure that sharing such materials does not violate research permissions, applicable wildlife-protection requirements, or restrictions intended to protect threatened species and sensitive habitats.

Plagiarism Identified During Review

If substantial unattributed material or suspected plagiarism is identified before publication, IJAWR may request an explanation or supporting information from the authors.

Depending on the circumstances and available evidence, the manuscript may require clarification, may be rejected, or may be referred for further editorial assessment. Where relevant, the editorial team may also consider concerns involving uncredited research data, wildlife images, species-identification records, or conservation findings.

Plagiarism Identified After Publication

If credible concerns regarding plagiarism or substantial unattributed material arise after publication, IJAWR may investigate the matter and take appropriate action based on the available evidence.

Possible editorial actions may include correction, withdrawal where applicable, retraction, or another appropriate editorial measure. Such actions will be considered in accordance with the relevant IJAWR policies and procedures.